Table 2 ERAS 22 elements

Preoperative

 1. PAC patient education

 1. PAC shared decision-making

 1. PAC nutrition

 1. PAC medical optimization

 2. Fluid and carb loading

 3. No prolonged fasting

 4. No/selective bowel prep

 5. Antibiotic prophylaxis

Intraoperative

 6. Thromboprophylaxis

 7. No premedication

 8. Nausea and vomiting prophylaxis

 9. Short-acting anaesthetic agents

 10. No drains

 11. Avoidance of salt and water overload

 12. Maintenance of normothermia

Postoperative

 13. Mid-thoracic epidural anesthesia/analgesic

 14. No nasogastric tubes

 15. Prevention of nausea and vomiting

 16. Avoidance of salt and water load

 17. Early removal of catheter

 18. Early oral nutrition

 19. Non-opioid oral analgesia/NSAIDs

 20. Early mobilization

 21. Stimulation of gut motility

 22. Audit of compliance and outcomes

Not applicable