Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies (N=35)

Country

 Australia

1 (3%)

[47]

 Canada

3 (9%)

[36, 59, 61]

 France

12 (34%)

[38,39,40,41,42,43, 63,64,65,66,67,68]

 Italy

1 (3%)

[48]

 Netherlands

3 (9%)

[52, 62, 69]

 USA

15 (42%)

[37, 44,45,46, 49,50,51, 53,54,55,56,57,58, 60, 70]

Publication year

 2016–2021

6 (17%)

[36, 39, 44, 49, 53, 55]

 2011–2015

11 (32%)

[38, 41, 43, 48, 56, 61, 66,67,68,69,70]

 2006–2010

5 (14%)

[37, 50, 52, 59, 65]

 2001–2005

8 (23%)

[40, 42, 46, 57, 60, 62,63,64]

 < 2001

5 (14%)

[45, 47, 51, 54, 58]

Study design

 Randomized controlled trial

6 (17%)

[37, 45, 50, 51, 54, 60]

 Controlled before after study

4 (11%)

[46, 57, 58, 63]

 Non-controlled before-after study

8 (23%)

[42, 49, 53, 55, 59, 62, 65, 69]

 Prospective cohort study

1 (3%)

[70]

 Mixed-methods

1 (3%)

[36]

 Cross-sectional

3 (9%)

[44, 47, 56]

 Case study

12 (34%)

[38,39,40,41, 43, 48, 52, 61, 64, 66,67,68]

Type of guidelines‡

 Screening

7 (20%)

[36, 37, 46, 50, 54, 57, 61]

 Diagnosis

5 (14%)

[45, 51, 58,59,60]

 Treatment

9 (26%)

[38,39,40, 42, 47,48,49, 62, 63]

 Diagnosis and treatment

11 (31%)

[41, 43, 52, 56, 64,65,66,67,68,69,70]

 Surveillance/follow-up/rehabilitation

3 (9%)

[44, 53, 55]

Type of intervention

 Computerized decision support systems

12 (34%)

[38,39,40,41,42,43, 48, 64,65,66,67,68]

 Educational interventions

7 (20%)

[44, 50, 55, 57,58,59, 63]

 Multifaceted

9 (25%)

[36, 37, 46, 49, 51, 53, 54, 60, 62]

 Audit and feedback

2 (6%)

[47, 69]

 Clinical pathways

1 (3%)

[56]

 Integrated knowledge translation

1 (3%)

[61]

 Medical critiquing system

1 (3%)

[52]

 Medical home program

1 (3%)

[70]

 Provider reminders

1 (3%)

[45]

Outcomes assessed

 Intervention adoption/fidelity

2 (6%)

[36, 44]

 Impact on providers attitudes/knowledge/self-efficacy

4 (12%)

[43, 46, 50, 57]

 Impact on compliance with CPG recommendations

30 (85%)

[36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43, 45,46,47,48,49,50,51, 53,54,55,56, 58,59,60, 62, 63, 65,66,67,68,69,70]

 Impact on patient health related outcomes

0 (0%)

–

 Costs of implementing the interventions

1 (3%)

[44]

Risk of bias

 Low

5 (14%)

[45, 53, 54, 59, 70]

 Moderate

10 (29%)

[36, 37, 42, 44, 47, 56,57,58, 62, 63]

 High

5 (14%)

[46, 49, 50, 55, 65]

 Unclear

4 (11%)

[51, 52, 60, 69]

 Not assessed (case studies) ^a

11 (31%)

[38,39,40,41, 43, 48, 61, 64, 66,67,68]