Table 2 Frequency of ERIC implementation strategy use

Use evaluative and iterative strategies

 Assess for readiness and identify barriers and facilitators

43

5

43

38

 Audit and provide feedback

76

13

76

63

 Conduct cyclical small tests of change

22

1

22

21

 Conduct local need assessment

20

4

20

16

 Develop a formal implementation blueprint

41

5

42

36

 Develop and implement tools for quality monitoring

29

4

29

25

 Obtain and use patients/consumers and family feedback

5

0

5

5

 Purposefully reexamine the implementation

33

3

33

30

 Stage implementation scale up

1

1

1

0

 Assess and redesign workflows^a

19

2

19

17

Provide interactive assistance

 Centralize technical assistance

16

8

13

8

 Internal Facilitation^a

10

1

9

9

 External Facilitation^a

59

5

59

54

 Provide clinical supervision

4

0

4

4

 Provide local technical assistance

9

2

9

7

 Create an online learning community^a

8

1

8

7

Adapt and tailor to context

 Promote adaptability

38

2

37

36

 Tailor strategies

43

2

43

41

 Use data experts

0

0

0

0

 Use data warehousing techniques

2

0

2

2

Develop stakeholder interrelationships

 Build a coalition

4

1

4

3

 Capture and share local knowledge

13

2

13

11

 Conduct local consensus discussions

19

2

19

17

 Develop academic partnerships

1

0

1

1

 Identify and prepare champions

22

1

22

21

 Identify early adopters

0

0

0

0

 Inform local opinion leaders

11

1

11

10

 Involve executive boards

6

0

6

6

 Model and simulate change

2

0

2

2

 Obtain formal commitments

12

4

12

8

 Organize clinician implementation team meetings

43

6

42

37

 Promote network weaving

1

0

1

1

 Recruit, designate, and train for leadership

19

2

19

17

 Use advisory boards and workgroups

11

1

10

10

 Visit other sites

1

0

1

1

 Engage community resources outside the practice*

4

0

4

4

Train and educate stakeholders

 Conduct educational meetings

97

29

96

68

 Conduct educational outreach visits

20

2

19

18

 Conduct ongoing training

34

5

34

29

 Create a learning collaborative

15

4

15

11

 Distribute educational materials

100

51

99

49

 Make training dynamic

20

3

20

17

 Provide ongoing consultation

19

3

19

16

 Shadow other experts

1

0

1

1

 Use train-the-trainer strategies

10

2

9

8

Support clinicians

 Create new clinical teams

1

0

1

1

 Develop resource sharing agreements

0

0

0

0

 Facilitate relay of clinical data to providers

10

2

10

8

 Remind clinicians

22

5

22

17

 Revise professional roles

2

0

2

2

Engage consumers

 Increase demand

6

1

6

5

 Intervene with patients/consumers to enhance uptake and adherence

18

8

16

10

 Involve patients/consumers and family members

8

1

8

7

 Prepare patients/consumers to be active participants

20

5

20

15

 Use mass media

2

2

2

0

Utilize financial strategies

 Access new funding

4

0

4

4

 Alter incentive/allowance structures

9

4

8

5

 Alter patient/consumer fees

0

0

0

0

 Develop disincentives

0

0

0

0

 Fund and contract for the clinical innovation

1

1

1

0

 Make billing easier

0

0

0

0

 Place innovation on fee for service lists/formularies

1

0

1

1

 Use capitated payments

0

0

0

0

 Use other payment schemes

1

0

1

1

Change infrastructure

 Change accreditation or membership requirements

2

0

2

2

 Change liability laws

0

0

0

0

 Change record systems

12

3

12

9

 Change service sites

0

0

0

0

 Mandate change

5

1

5

4

 Start a dissemination organization

0

0

0

0