Fig. 4

Harvest plot for LVC utilisation and appropriateness (n_SR=46)

Explanation figure: This harvest plot represents the ‘low-value care use (utilisation)’ and ‘appropriateness of care use’ outcomes. Each included SR is represented as a bar in the matrix at least once and twice if the SR reported on both outcomes

Bar position: (see Table 2): Row ‘positive’ (< 75% or MA showing an effect), ‘inconsistent positive’ (< 50–75%), or ‘no change’ (≥ 50% or MA showing no effect)

Bar colour: Healthcare practice (see legend)

Bar height: Confidence in the results according to the AMSTAR 2 assessment

Number above the bar: Number of included primary studies in the SR

Lowercase “u” under a bar: Relevant information for assessing the primary studies’ statistical significance was not reported in the SRs