Table 4 Number of studies with improvements by types of co-interventions and study designs
From: Reporting feedback on healthcare outcomes to improve quality in care: a scoping review
| Â | Controlled designsa | Non-controlled designsa | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
Without co-intervention (N = 66) | 18/27 (67%) | 33/39 (85%) |  |
With co-intervention(s) (N = 169) | 47/68 (69%) | 94/101 (93%) |  |
Co-intervention Types | Â | Â | Â |
Facilitative Approaches: | |||
 Education 74/112 (84%) | 24/38 (63%) | 61/64 (95%) | Topics: • Strategies for improvement (N = 32) • Reflection on findings (N = 12) • Current guidelines (N = 27) • Importance of improvement goals (N = 6) • Data literacy (N = 3) • Unclear (N = 8) Mode: • In-person (N = 53) • Hybrid (N = 24) • Distance learning (N = 18) • Outreach visits (N = 7) • Unclear (N = 10) |
 Post-feedback consultations (N = 24/29) | 9/12 (75%) | 15/17 (88%) | • Counselling actions post-feedback (N = 17) Clarifying details about feedback (N = 12) |
 Reminders (N = 24/29) | 10/13 (77%) | 14/16 (88%) | • Via emails/ electronic alerts (N = 24): • Via text messages (N = 1) • Verbal (N = 4) |
Coercive Approaches | |||
 Decision Aids (N = 31/39) | 15/21 (71%) | 16/18 (89%) | • Clinician decision support systems (CDSS)/ action toolbox (N = 18) • Pocket size guidelines/ cue cards/ posters (N = 17) • Clinician care pathways (N = 4) |
 Social influence (N = 5/8) | 0/3 (0%) | 5/5 (100%) | • Engaging patients in QI (N = 7) Publicly posting outcomes (N = 1) |
 Incentives (N = 9/13) | 3/5 (60%) | 6/8 (75%) | • Financial incentive (N = 9) • Continuing medical education (CME) credits (N = 4) • Light refreshments/ gift cards (N = 1) |