Table 3 How theories, models and frameworks were used in included trials

Applied^a

32/41

To select study materials and analyse data

17(41.5)

To select study materials/design data collection

8(19.5)

To analyse data

2 (4.9)

To justify the study design and select study materials

3(7.3)

To justify the study design, select study materials and analyse data

1(2.4)

To justify the study design

1(2.4)

Informed by^a

7/41

To support the implementation-related aims/objectives

4(9.8)

To describe/explain the results

1(2.4)

To support the implementation-related aims/objectives and describe/explain the results

1(2.4)

Informed intervention

1(2.4)